The following definitions are applicable to this
chapter:
(1) "Appropriate." To "appropriate" property of another to oneself or a
third person means:
(a) To exercise control over it, or to aid a third person to exercise
control over it, permanently or for so extended a period or under such
circumstances as to acquire the major portion of its economic value or
benefit; or
(b) To dispose of the property for the benefit of oneself or a third
person.
(2) "Deception" means knowingly to:
(a) Create or confirm another's impression which is false and which the
offender does not believe to be true; or
(b) Fail to correct a false impression which the offender previously has
created or confirmed; or
(c) Prevent another from acquiring information pertinent to the
disposition of the property involved; or
(d) Sell or otherwise transfer or encumber property, failing to disclose
a lien, adverse claim, or other legal impediment to the enjoyment of the
property whether such impediment is or is not valid, or is or is not a
matter of official record; or
(e) Promise performance which the offender does not intend to perform or
knows will not be performed. Failure to perform, standing alone, is not
evidence that the offender did not intend to perform.
(3) "Deprive." To "deprive" another of property means:
(a) To withhold it or cause it to be withheld from him permanently or for
so extended a period or under such circumstances that the major portion of
its economic value or benefit is lost to him; or
(b) To dispose of the property in such manner or under such circumstances
as to render it unlikely that an owner will recover such property.
(4) "Obtain" means:
(a) In relation to property, to bring about a transfer of interest or
possession, whether to the offender or to another; and
(b) In relation to labor or services, to secure the performance thereof.
(5) "Obtains or exerts control" over property, includes, but is not
limited to, the taking, carrying away, or the sale, conveyance, or transfer of
title to, or interest in, or possession of property.
(6) "Owner." When property is taken, obtained or withheld by one (1)
person from another person, an owner thereof means any person who has a right
to possession thereof superior to that of the taker, obtainer or withholder.
(7) "Person" means an individual, corporation, association, public or
private corporation, city or other municipality, county, state agency or the
state of Idaho.
(8) "Property" means anything of value. Property includes real estate,
money, commercial instruments, admission or transportation tickets, written
instruments representing or embodying rights concerning anything of value,
labor or services, or otherwise of value to the owner; things growing on,
affixed to, or found on land, or part of or affixed to any building;
electricity, gas, steam, and water; birds, animals and fish, which ordinarily
are kept in a state of confinement; food and drink; samples, cultures,
microorganisms, specimens, records, recordings, documents, blueprints,
drawings, maps, and whole or partial copies, descriptions, photographs,
prototypes or models thereof, or any other articles, materials, devices,
substances and whole or partial copies, descriptions, photographs, prototypes
or models thereof which constitute, represent, evidence, reflect or record a
secret scientific, technical, merchandising, production or management
information, design, process, procedure, formula, invention, or improvement.
(9) "Service" includes, but is not limited to, labor, professional
service, transportation service, the supplying of hotel accommodations,
restaurant services, entertainment, (a communication system) the supplying of
equipment for use, and the supplying of commodities of a public utility nature
such as gas, electricity, steam and water. A ticket or equivalent instrument
which evidences a right to receive a service is not in itself service but
constitutes property within the meaning of subsection (8) of this section.
(10) "Stolen property" means property over which control has been obtained
by theft.
(11) "Value." The value of property shall be ascertained as follows:
(a) Except as otherwise specified in this section, value means the market
value of the property at the time and place of the crime, or if such
cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the
property within a reasonable time after the crime.
(b) Whether or not they have been issued or delivered, certain written
instruments, not including those having a readily ascertainable market
value such as some public and corporate bonds and securities, shall be
evaluated as follows:
1. The value of an instrument constituting an evidence of debt, such
as a check, draft or promissory note, shall be deemed the amount due
or collectible thereon or thereby, such figure ordinarily being the
face amount of the indebtedness less any portion thereof which has
been satisfied.
2. The value of a ticket or equivalent instrument which evidences a
right to receive a transportation, entertainment or other service
shall be deemed the price stated thereon, if any; and if no price is
stated thereon the value shall be deemed the price of such ticket or
equivalent instrument which the issuer charges the general public.
3. The value of any other instrument which creates, releases,
discharges or otherwise affects any valuable legal right, privilege
or obligation shall be deemed the greatest amount of economic loss
which the owner of the instrument might reasonably suffer by virtue
of the loss of the instrument.
(c) When the value of property cannot be satisfactorily ascertained
pursuant to the standards set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
subsection, its value shall be deemed to be one thousand dollars ($1,000)
or less.
(d) For the purpose of establishing value of any written instrument, the
interest of any owner or owners entitled to part or all of the property
represented by such instrument, by reason of such instrument, may be
shown, even if another owner may be named in the complaint, information or
indictment. |
